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KAVAKA 59(1): 1-6 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/1-6
Mangrove Fungi for the Future
K. Kathiresan* and M. Kalaiselvam
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 002, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on February 22, 2023; Accepted on February 28, 2023)
ABSTRACT
Mangicolous fungi are biologically diverse and ecological important to determine the productivity of mangrove ecosystems. The mangrove fungi are largely untapped for bioprospecting potential. Further studies are required for enzymes and novel chemical entities especially glycolipids from the mangrove fungi.
Keywords: Mangroves, Mangicolous fungi, Fungal diversity, Fungal prospecting
KAVAKA 59(1): 7-15 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/7-15
Bheemamyces uvariae sp. nov., a New Foliar Mycobiont from Andaman Archipelago, India
A. Sabeena and H. Biju*
Microbiology Division, KSCSTE - Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode-695 562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on November 04, 2022; Accepted on March 08, 2023)
ABSTRACT
An infrequent foliicolous fungal species, Bheemamyces uvariae sp. nov., was found infecting the leaves of Uvaria hamiltonii Hook. f. and Thomson (Annonaceae), collected from Mount Harriet National Park, South Andaman is described and illustrated in detail. Bheemamyces uvariae is characterized in having both lateral appressoria on the main hyphae and lateral, sublateral to intercalary appressoria on the hyphae originated from the main hyphae, narrower, curved, slightly elevated from the host surface and pointed at the tip. This is the first record of the genus Bheemamyces on the members of the family Annonaceae.
Keywords: Annonaceae, Bheemamyces, Black mildew, New species, South Andaman
KAVAKA 59(1): 16-24 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/16-24
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Association with Mangrove Plants in Tamil Nadu, India
C. Shankarammal and M. Kalaiselvam*
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 002, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on February 27, 2023; Accepted on February 28, 2023)
ABSTRACT
The present study investigated the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with four mangrove plant species viz., Avicennia marina, A. officinalis, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata in two locations of Cuddalore and Mayiladuthurai districts in Tamil Nadu, India. Soil properties were analysed to determine their potential effects on the distribution of AM fungi. The present study revealed that all the mangroves had AM fungal association with varying amount of root colonization (55-86%) and soil spore density (176 to 350 spores/100g soil). Among them, R. mucronata was recorded with the maximum spore density (350 spores/100 g soil) while A. officinalis had the minimum spore density (176 spores/100 g soil). Physico chemical analyses showed the soil had slightly acidic pH (6.2-6.5), low level of phosphorus (P) (14.23-17.25 kg/acre), and high level of nitrogen (N) (51.2-54.5 kg/acre). Soil P and salinity appeared to be the important factors influencing AM fungal association in mangrove plants. The AM fungal spores of four different genera viz., Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, and Scutellospora were recorded. The AM fungi were found to be an important component on the landward fringe of mangrove habitats.
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Acaulospora, Mangroves, Avicennia marina, A. officinalis, Gigaspora, Glomus, Scutellospora, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata
KAVAKA 59(1): 25-32 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/25-32
Talaromyces qii, a New Record of a Rare Talaromyces from the Northern Western Ghats, India
Nikhil Ashtekar1, Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar1,2*, Sneha Lad1, Harikrishnan K,1 and Sherin Varghese3
1National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune-411 004, Maharashtra, India.
2Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Rd, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, Maharashtra, India.
3School of Bioscience, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-411 007, Kerala, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on December 07, 2022; Accepted on January 02, 2023)
ABSTRACT
In this study, Talaromyces qii belonging to the section Talaromyces is reported as a new record from India based on the morphology and phylogenetic analyses of four gene datasets viz. ITS, BenA, CaM, and rpb2. This is the second report of this rare Talaromyces species from across the world. Phylogenetically, the Indian strain T. qii (NFCCI 5151) formed a sister lineage to the type species T. qii (AS3 15414) due to the sequencing error in the type. The quality assessment of the four gene sequences derived from all type strains of section Talaromyces in this study evaded the proposal of a redundant novelty in this section, aligning the Indian strain NFCCI 5151 along with T. qii (AS3 15414). Morphology of type strain T. qii (AS3 15414) and T. qii (NFCCI 5151) are mostly identical, viz. elongated, biverticillate-symmetrical conidiophores, acerose phialides, and ellipsoidal or sub-globose conidia with echinulate ornamentation. However, the Indian strain has longer conidiophores and a larger conidia size than type strain T. qii and T. thailandensis. This study resolved the phylogeny of a new record of Talaromyces qii in the section Talaromyces from India through the most modern taxonomic approaches.
Keywords: Ascomycota, BenA, rpb2, Talaromyces, Trichocomaceae, India
KAVAKA 59(1): 33-47 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/33-47
Bioprospecting Marine Fungal Enzymes-Scope and Challenges
Chandrasekaran Muthusamy* and Kalaiselvam Murugaiyan
CAS in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on March 04, 2023; Accepted on March 09, 2023)
ABSTRACT
Marine microorganisms are promising source of enzymes with industrial applications due to their immense genetic and biochemical diversity. Availability of novel enzymes, advancements in enzymology and enzyme technology have significantly contributed to the industrial application of enzymes and the rapid expansion of the enzyme market. In this context marine fungal enzymes assume greater attention recently owing to the great demand for novel and efficient biocatalysts for industrial applications and other services. This situation has warranted exploration of marine fungal biodiversity for new enzymes. The present review focus on bioprospecting of marine fungal enzymes produced by lesser studied fungi, identification of research gaps, challenges in pursuing research in harnessing the potentials of marine fungi, and the scope for future prospects. Role of fungal enzymes in biogeochemical processes in marine environments, bioremediation, and plastic degradation is discussed indicating marine fungi as source of industrial enzymes. Scope for exploring marine fungal diversity and potentials of extremozymes, cold adaptive enzymes and halophilic fungal enzymes, besides the need for bioprocess development are discussed. Moreover, the challenges lying ahead in pursuing research on marine fungi are also discussed to draw the attention of mycologists and biotechnologists to appropriately harness the marine fungi.
Keywords: Marine fungal enzymes, Marine fungal diversity, Potential applications, Prospects
KAVAKA 59(1): 48-55 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/48-55
Diversity of Genus Ceriporia Donk in India
Gurpreet Kaur1, Avneet Kaur2, Ellu Ram2, Harminder Kaur2, Hardeep Kaur2, Avneet Pal Singh2* and Gurpaul Singh Dhingra2
1Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar-143 002, Punjab, India.
2Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Punjab, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on May 16, 2022; Accepted on February 10, 2023)
ABSTRACT
The present paper describes eight species of the resupinate, poroid genus Ceriporia Donk based on the specimens collected from different localities in Punjab, Union Territory of Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh (India). Of the described species, C. alachuana (Murrill) Hallenb., C. camaresiana (Bourdot and Galzin) Bondartsev and Singer, C. davidii (D.A. Reid) M. Pieri and B. Rivoire, C. microspora I. Lindblad and Ryvarden, C. reticulata (Hoffm.) Domanski, C. spissa (Schwein. ex Fr.) Rajchenb. and C. tarda (Berk.) are recorded as new to India. C. leptoderma (Berk. and Broome) Ryvarden is being reported for the first time from Punjab plains. Key to 12 species of the genus, eight described in the present paper and four reported by the earlier workers, reported so far from India is also provided.
Key words: Polypore, Mushroom, White rot, Wood rotting fungi, Pores
KAVAKA 59(1): 56-74 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/56-74
Preparation of Nutrient Enriched Bio-Formulation(s) Using Vermi-Compost as a Carrier Material for Sustainable Agriculture
Praful Kumar*, Sandhya Sahu, and K.P. Verma
Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur- 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on November 08, 2022; Accepted on February 24, 2023)
ABSTRACT
A nutrient enriched bio-formulation(s) was prepared by inoculating the combination of bio-inoculants viz., Trichoderma sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azotobacter chroococcum in vermicompost supplemented with minimal inorganic fertilizers i.e., Diammonium phosphate and Muriate of potash, which is compatible with bio-inoculants. Twenty four Trichoderma isolates were isolated from different locations of Dhamtari, Rajnandgaon, and Kabirdham District of Chhattisgarh. All the 24 Trichoderma isolates were evaluated for compatibility with P. fluorescens and A. chroococcum. Three Trichoderma isolates were found compatible with both the bacterial bio-inoculants. Trichoderma isolates TRT2, TRT-9, and TRT-12 found potentially able to produce IAA, siderophore, HCN, cellulase, chitinase, and phosphatase. Similarly, P. fluorescens and A. chroococcum individually having potential to produce IAA, siderophore, HCN, cellulase, chitinase, and phosphatase. Trichoderma isolate TRT-2 did not produce HCN and A. chroococcum did not produce cellulase enzymes. Trichoderma isolates i.e. TRT-2, TRT-9, and TRT-12, P. fluorescens and A. chroococcum individually were further evaluated for sensitivity with inorganic fertilizers i.e., DAP, MoP, SSP, urea, and complex fertilizer 28:28:00. TRT-2, TRT-9, and TRT-12 were inhibited by urea and complex fertilizer (28:28:00) at all concentrations. However, SSP could not inhibit the growth at any concentration, whereas inhibition percentages in DAP were ranged, 0.00-42.10%, 0.0-0.20%, and 0.37-19.11% for TRT-2, TRT-9, and TRT-12, respectively. Successive increases in concentration up to 5% of fertilizer could not affect the growth of isolate TRT-9 that leads to resistance. Based on the above mentioned findings, three formulations (1) Vermicompost enriched with three bio-inoculants i.e. Trichoderma isolates, P. fluorescens, and A. chroococcum, (2) DAP (5% w/w) and MoP (2% w/w) supplemented vermicompost enriched with three bio-inoculants i.e. Trichoderma isolates, P. fluorescens and A. chroococcum, and (3) DAP (10% w/w) and MoP (3% w/w) supplemented vermicompost enriched with three bio-inoculants i.e. Trichoderma isolates, P. fluorescens, and A. chroococcum, were constituted and evaluated.
Keywords: Trichoderma isolates; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Azotobacter chroococcum; Nutrient Enrichment; Bio-formulation(s).
KAVAKA 59(1): 75-82 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/75-82
Diversity Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi in Association with Selected Mangrove Plants in Tamil Nadu
Anish V. Pachu and V. Mohan*
Division of Forest Protection, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore-641 002, India.
*Emeritus Professor, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai-600 025, India. *Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on February 14, 2023; Accepted on February 28, 2023)
ABSTRACT
An investigation was carried out for three mangrove plant species from two coastal regions - Parangipettai and Pazhayar - of Cuddalore and Mailaduthurai districts, respectively, Tamil Nadu, India to determine their symbiotic association potential with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. All mangrove plants developed AM fungal colonization in their root tissues with a mean range of 85% - 95%. All the soil sediment samples had AM fungal spores with a density range from 196 - 1403 spores/100g air-dried soil sediment. Variations in AM fungal root colonization and soil spore densities were found statistically significant. Maximum percent root colonization and soil spore population of AM fungi were recorded in samples of Rhizophora mucronata in both the study locations. Frequency distribution of AM fungi was also determined, and it was found that the rhizosphere samples of three mangrove species had maximum fungal population of Rhizophora mucronata, which was followed by that of R. apiculata in both the study locations. Significance of the findings is discussed in detail.
Keywords: AM fungi, Acaulospora, Glomus, Gigaspora, Mangroves, Avicennia, Rhizophora
KAVAKA 59(1): 83-91 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/83-91
Molecular Identification and Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma species from Chilli Field Soil in Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Gomathi, S.*, Ambikapathy, V., Panneerselvam, A., and Gayathri, G.
AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi-613 503, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India.
(Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-630024, Tamil Nadu, India)
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on February 08, 2023; Accepted on February 28, 2023)
ABSTRACT
Trichoderma asperellam is a fungal species that is frequently utilized in the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. The creation of analytical enzymes enhances its ability to control biological infections. It has been highlighted that physical traits alone are insufficient for identifying these fungal species. As a result, the study's goal was to use molecular markers to identify Trichoderma species and assess their antagonistic effectiveness against plant pathogens. T. asperellam have antagonistic and physiologically controlled activity, which inhibited the pathogenic fungus to the greatest extent possible in a dual culture approach. T. asperellam had the highest inhibition (62.7%), followed by T. harzianum (56.0%), T. koeningii (56.0%), Aspergillus niger (52.5%), Aspergillus sulphureus (48.5%), Penicillium sp. (48.41%), and Aspergillus flavus (47.3%).
Keywords: Trichoderma sp, Biocontrol, Molecular identification, Gene sequencing
KAVAKA 59(1): 92-97 (2023) DOI: 10.36460/Kavaka/59/1/2023/92-97
Bactrospora mangrovei sp. nov., a Novel Marine Lichenized Fungus from Muthupet Mangroves of India Based on Morpho-molecular Data
B. Devadatha and V. Venkateswara Sarma*
Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry-605 014, India.
*Corresponding author Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Submitted on March 08, 2023; Accepted on March 09, 2023)
ABSTRACT
Muthupet mangrove forests in Tamil Nadu is relatively a smaller belt when compared to other mangrove forests on the east coast of India. On 7 mangrove hosts we have recorded more than 78 fungi. The unravelling of novel marine fungi continues with the description of Bactrospora mangrovei, a new marine lichenized fungus, from the Muthupet mangroves, Tamil Nadu, East coast of India which is being reported in this paper. The species B. mangrovei is characterized by having apothecia that are numerous, frequently non-stromatic, round to irregular, coriaceous, reddish brown to black, asci bitunicate, cylindrical with short pedicels, apically rounded and ascospores uniseriate to biseriately arranged, fasciculate, filiform, 8-10 septate, partially overlapping, hyaline, rounded at both ends.
Keywords: New species, Taxonomy, Lichenized fungi, Phylogeny
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